![]() ![]() May be susceptible with a false positive anti-HBcĤ. May be distantly immune and the test is not sensitive enough to detect very low level of anti-HBs in serumģ. May be recovering from acute HBV infectionĢ. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Table 1: Interpretation of hepatitis B virus serologyįive interpretations possible (see below)* Table 1 summarises the interpretation of hepatitis B virus serology. detection of HBsAg or HBV DNA in the serum of a patient on two occasions at least 6 months apart.Serology for chronic infections requires: detection of HBV DNA and high levels of IgM HBcAg in the absence of prior evidence of HBV infection.detection of HBsAg and high levels of specific IgM to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM HBcAg) in the absence of prior evidence of HBV infection.detection of HBsAg in a patient shown to be negative within the past 24 months.Serology for newly acquired infections requires one of the following: Serology determines whether infections are newly acquired or reflect chronic carriage. HBV infection is confirmed by the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HBV DNA in serum. The risk of HCC remains elevated lifelong, even in patients who do not develop cirrhosis. Premature death secondary to cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in 15–20 per cent. Chronic infection is common in those with immunodeficiency. After acute HBV infection (which may be asymptomatic), the risk of developing chronicity varies with age: 90 per cent for people infected at birth, 20–50 per cent for people infected at 1–5 years, and 1–10 per cent for people infected as older children or adults. Prevalence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations is among the highest in the world at between 4 per cent and 26 per cent, depending on the region. The case-fatality rate is about 1 per cent and is higher in those over 40 years of age.Ĭhronic HBV infection is found in 0.5–1 per cent of adults in Australia and up to 20 per cent elsewhere. The severity of infection ranges from asymptomatic cases, detected only after investigation of abnormal liver function tests, to fulminant and often fatal cases with extensive acute hepatic necrosis. It often progresses to dark urine, light stools and jaundice. The onset is usually insidious, with anorexia, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and occasional rash and arthralgia. Less than 10 per cent of children and only 30–50 per cent of adults with acute HBV infections will have icteric disease. Identification of hepatitis B Clinical features Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a double-stranded DNA virus, is the causative agent. Primary school and children’s services centre exclusion for hepatitis BĮxclusion is not applicable. This is a Victorian statutory requirement. Hepatitis B infection is a ‘routine’ notifiable condition and must be notified by medical practitioners and pathology services in writing within 5 days of diagnosis. ![]()
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